History 304:  Ancient Near East

Dr. John Lewis

Spring, 2006
Office:  113 Andrews   

Phone: 289-5346  jlewis8@ashland.edu

 

The “Ancient Near East” is a term with elastic boundaries; it can refer to Mesopotamia, or can be stretched to include the area of the Modern Middle from Iran into Egypt. This course will examine the two main areas in which western civilization first developed: ancient Mesopotamia, and ancient Egypt. Although we will not focus on Judaic history, we will consider the Syro-Palestinian and Levant Coast areas between them, primarily as a ground for contention. Given the complex cultural differences between Egypt and the Mesopotamian city-states and empires, we will consider first the chronological development of Mesopotamia, and then of Egypt. The basic chronology is political, but we will, through art and literature, attempt to penetrate to social issues, to consider how people lived, and believed, and interacted with each other.

 

As guides to this fascinating story, we will read two secondary histories. Two volumes published by Blackwell, A History of the Ancient Near East and A History of Egypt, will serve to condense the complex material and literary evidence for these areas into coherent chronological order. The Chronological Outline that I have prepared will form the backbone for our understanding of the historical relationships. The primary material is complex, in languages that are foreign indeed, and fragmentary—but it is voluminous. We will stop at certain key points and read, in English translation, from the direct evidence. Be ready to discuss the readings for each class.  Class lectures are designed primarily to add to the material in the text. The readings are mandatory, and must be completed prior to the assigned class date.  Bring the appropriate book to each class.

 

Two Writing assignments (each a 1500 word essay, 5 pages) will address an assigned aspect of Mesopotamia, and Egypt.  Each essay must be typed and edited for grammar, citing primary sources, expressing an argument and supporting the argument with the readings. 

 

A research paper will be the capstone to the class. This will be a fifteen – eighteen page paper, on a topic of your choice, from suggestions in the research paper bibliography and guide, and which we discuss in advance.  Each essay must be typed and edited for grammar, citing primary sources, expressing an argument and supporting the argument with the readings. Suggested research topics are below, and may be found at www.classicalideals.com/Ancient Near East Biblio and Projects.htm

 

Grading:  Grades are based on the following: 

2 Writing assignments 10% each

Midtern exam 30%

Final Exam 30%

Research Paper: 30%

Class attendance and participation may affect your final grade. 

 

Here is my boilerplate verbiage on Academic Honesty. Plagiarism results in an F for the paper, and is always reported to the registrar, never an exception.  Please note carefully: plagiarism is stealing someone else’s work and passing it off as your own.  ANY DIRECT COPYING that is not enclosed in quotation marks is plagiarism, even if the source is cited.  USING SOMEONE ELSE’S IDEAS is plagiarism, even if you do not quote the words exactly.  PARAPHRASING—rewording someone else’s passage—is plagiarism, and simply noting the source does not make it otherwise. If you are in doubt, see me in advance.  If I am in doubt, I reserve the right to ask you to pass an oral examination on your paper.

 

No internet web sites under any circumstances are acceptable for any written work! unless discussed in advance.  For this course, you must read books. There are, of course, many good internet sources on the Near East—perhaps no period has benefited so much from the internet, and I am looking for new ones—but, we must discuss, and evaluate, them first.

 

Accommodations Statement from Classroom Support Services:  “For students who have specific physical, psychiatric, or learning disabilities and require accommodations, please let me know early in the semester so that your learning needs can be appropriately met.  It is your responsibility to provide documentation for your disability to the Office of Disability Services, 105 Amstutz Hall, ext. 5953.”

 

Academic Responsibility and Integrity Statement: “Academic integrity must be maintained at all times.  No form of cheating or plagiarism will be tolerated.  Such actions will be dealt with in accordance with the procedures documented in the Ashland University Student Handbook.”


 

READINGS:   

 

Primary Sources include:

Handout Package: The Epic of Gilgamesh, The Tale Sinehu, and various treaties, diplomatic exchanges, panegyrics and historical accounts.

The Old Testament Bible.

 

Secondary, Textbook Reading (Required):

Van de Mieroop, M. A History of the Ancient Near East (Oxford: Blackwell Publishers,

2004).

Grimal, N. A History of Egypt (Oxford: Blackwell, 2005).

Handout Package; Chronology and Maps.

 

SCHEDULE

 

PART ONE: MESOPOTAMIA

 

WEEK 1, 1/9   From Prehistory into Uruk: 9000-2900 BC

Van de Mieroop ch.2: 17-38

                        Point of focus: Early Southern Mesopotamian Cities

 

WEEK 2, 1/16:  Early Dynastic Centralization 2900-2330 BC

The Eridu Genesis

Epic of Gilgamesh

Van de Mieroop chs.3-4: 39-79

Point of Focus: The Rise of Akkad

 

WEEK 3, 1/23:  Isin, Hammurabi’s Babylonia, and Assyria: 2000-1760

Treaty between Abban and Yarilim

Royal Records

Mesopotamian Law Codes

Van de Mieroop ch.5, 6: 80-118

Point of Focus: Early Empires of Assyria, Babylonia, and Hatti

 

WEEK 4, 1/30:  Western States: Regional Competitors and Hittites: 1500-1200

Treaty between Suppiluliuma and Mattiwaza

Van de Mieroop ch.7, 8: 121-160

Point of Focus: Kassite Babylonia, Middle Elamites, Hittites, Rise of Assyria

 

WEEK 5, 2/6:   Thirteenth-Century Collapse: 1200-1100 BC

Van de Mieroop ch. 9, 10: 161-194

                        Attack on Jericho: Old Testament: Joshua 1-11

Merneptah Stele

Point of Focus: Regional Upheaval

 

WEEK 6, 2/13: Assyria’s Second Rise, and Decline: 880-612 BC

                        Van de Mieroop ch. 12, 13: 216-252

Autobiography of Sargon

Point of Focus: Assyra and Babylonia

 

WEEK 7, 2/20: Babylonians, Medes and Persians

Van de Mieroop ch. 14: 252-266

Point of Focus: the Persian Onslaught

 

First Essay due:  Write an historical essay describing one vital

aspect of the development  of either (1) the early Assyrian, or

(2) early Babylonian state. What main flow of events can you

discern?

 

WEEK 8, 2/27: MIDTERM EXAM: MESOPOTAMIA

 

 

PART TWO: EGYPT

Introduction to Egypt: Predynastic and Archaic Egypt: pre-2800 BCE

Point of Focus: The Basic Outline of Egyptian History

 

WEEK 9, 3/6: Spring Break

 

WEEK 10, 3/13: The Old Kingdom and 1st Intermediate Period: 2800-2100 BCE

                        The Great Pyramids and Egyptian Religion

                        Egyptian Art and Architecture: The Narmer Palette

Grimal ch.4: 63-101

                        Point of Focus: Old Kingdom Kings

 

WEEK 11, 3/20: The Middle Kingdom and Hyksos Invasion: “Amun is Head”: 2100-1674 BCE

                        Sesostris III and the Tale of Sinuhe

                        Grimal chs.7, 8: 155-196

                        Point of Focus: International Relations

 

WEEK 12, 3/27: The New Kingdom: 1670-1300 BCE

From Hyksos to the Tuthmosids and Akhnaten

                        Autobiography of Ahmose I

                        Egyptian Book of the Dead

                        Grimal chs.9,10: 199-244

                        Point of Focus: The Eighteenth Dynasty

 

WEEK 13, 4/3: The Ramesids: 1295-1069 BCE

                        Egyptian Account of the Battle of Kadesh

Peace Treaty between Rameses and Mutwatalli II

                        Grimal ch.11: 245-292

                        Point of Focus: Rameses II and Foreign Policy

 

WEEK 14, 4/10: The Third Intermediate Period: 1069-760 BCE

                        The Theban Priesthood and the Rule of Amun

                        Grimal chs.12,13: 293-333

                        Point of Focus: Thebes vs. the Delta

 

WEEK 15, 4/17: The Kushite Invasions: 760-323 BCE

                        Grimal ch.14: 334-366

                        Point of Focus: The Nubians

 

Second Essay due: Discuss the intersection of religion, politics and military affairs in Egypt. Consider, for instance, one or more of these questions: How was the rule of the Pharaohs maintained? What was their relationship with the priesthood? How was this religious emphasis reflected in architecture, military records, sacred script, or art?

 

WEEK 16, 4/24: : Persians and Greeks: 323-31 BCE

                        The Behistan Inscription

                        Cyrus: Charter of Rights

                        Cyrus: Decree for the Release of the Jews

Grimal ch.15: 367-382

                        Van de Mieroop ch.15: 267-280

                        Point of Focus: The Persians

 

                        Research Paper due.

 

5/1:  FINAL EXAM: EGYPT AND MESOPOTAMIA L

 

SUMMER!  J

 

 

 

Home


_______________________________________________________________
This page updated 01/15/06               Dr. John Lewis  classicalideals@yahoo.com